Short Paper #4
Oedipus the King
Oedipus the King is a tragedy written by Sophocles. The main character, Oedipus, is a king and also a politician. He is well known for his intelligence and his ability to solve almost every riddle. For instance, he is most famous for solving the riddle of the Sphinx. The Sphinx is a female monster that asked Oedipus the riddle of “What goes on four legs in the morning, two at noon, and three in the evening?” By using the different times of day, the riddle is representing the different stages of our life. Oedipus answered correctly with man. From solving the riddle of the Sphinx, who was holding the city captive, he was therefore made king. As a baby, he was left in the middle of the woods with his feet bound together to fend for himself. As he grew up, he had no memory of his home or his family.
As the play goes on, Oedipus ends up traveling to Thebes. Along his journey, he comes across an intersection in a road where he is met with Tiresias and his escorts. The group gets into a brawl and Oedipus ends up killing his father, Polybus. At the moment, he was unaware that it was his father. Continuously, Oedipus meets Jocasta whom he soon makes his wife and they have about four or five children together. After Oedipus finds out that he killed his own father, Jocasta is happy with joy because she thinks that Polybus died from a natural cause, and therefore Oedipus must of not actually killed him. After both Oedipus and Jocasta find out about the murder of Polybus, Oedipus is having a conversation with Jocasta where he finds out that she is actually his mother. She tells him that he needs to take life by chance. For instance, Jocasta says,
What should a man fear It’s all chance, chance rules our lives. Not a man on earth can see a day ahead, groping through the dark. Better to live at random, best we can. And as for this marriage with your mother – have no fear. Many a man before you, in his dreams, has shared his mother’s bed. Take such things for shadows, nothing at all – Live Oedipus, as if there’s no tomorrow! (937)
After reading this quote, we get the idea that Jocasta is trying to tell Oedipus that it is not as big of a deal as he is making it out to be that he in fact wed his mother and had children with her. Also, we start to think that Jocasta feels as though there is nothing wrong to sleep with your mother, it is just normal desire. Although Jocasta never actually says this, the quote stated above gives us the sense that she thinks it really shouldn’t matter.
The messenger whom gave the news to Oedipus and Jocasta about Polybus ends up telling them that he was once a shepherd. When he was a shepherd, he found a baby in Thebes whose ankles were pinned together. When Oedipus figures out that he was the baby whom was left in the woods, he goes about figuring out who was the person that left him in the woods. Oedipus replies to the situation by saying,
O god – all come true, all burst to light! O light – not let me look my last on you! I stand revealed at last – cursed in my birth, cursed in marriage, cursed in the lives I cut down with these hands (943).
Once Jocasta realizes that people are slowly finding out the truth about what her and Polybus did to Oedipus when he was baby, she commits suicide in her bedroom. After Oedipus found out the whole truth and finds Jocasta dead in the bedroom, he started sobbing and began to embrace her. While Oedipus is grieving about Jocasta, the messenger describes the situation by saying,
He rips off her brooches, the long gold pins holding her robes – and lifting them high, looking straight up into the points, he digs them down the sockets of his eyes, crying, ‘You you’ll see no more the pain I suffered all the pain I caused! (945)
He rapidly gouges his eyes out with the pins attached to the robe that Jocasta was wearing when she killed herself. This leads to an outstanding theme throughout the text of this story; blindness. Oedipus gouges out his eyes and makes himself go blind so that he does not have to physically look at any painful sites. For instance Oedipus says,
Worse yet, the sight of my children, born as they were born, how could I long to look into their eyes? No, not with these eyes of mine, never. (947)
He considers looking at his children a painful site, which is why he chooses to not allow himself to see them anymore.
The part of the story when he gouges out his eyes is significant to the greater idea of the story as stated above, which is blindness. The significance of the way that he reacts to finding out the whole truth is that he no longer looks at himself the same way that he has in his entire life. For instance, in the beginning of the play he is constantly saying I am Oedipus, but by the end of the play he still continues to say that, but with a new tone of voice. He becomes fully ashamed of the acts that he has committed, and accepts what he has done. It is almost as though he feels like he does not want to be able to look at his children with the same eyes as he had before because he is that mortified of his actions. He ends up blaming himself fully for everything that had happened. He ends up embracing the idea of being in exile, because he feels as though the Gods want him to remain alive. At the end of the play, since the great King Oedipus has fallen, it seems as though the only way to peace is through death.